//This is basic pod yaml file
apiVersion: "v1"
kind: Pod
   //Service,Pod,Replication controller,node :objects of kubernetes
metadata:
   name: mypod
   labels:
 //Additional metadata
      app: demo
      env: test
spec:
//specification for pod, we will be putting containers here
    containers:
       - name: nginx
          image: nginx
          ports:
        //ports again a collection
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP

C:\Users\amitm\Downloads>kubectl describe pod mypod
Name: mypod
Namespace: default
Node: minikube/192.168.99.100
Start Time: Wed, 22 Nov 2017 18:15:53 +0530
Labels: app=demo
 env=test
Annotations: <none>
Status: Pending
IP:
Containers:
 nginx:
 Container ID:
 Image: nginx
 Image ID:
 Port: 80/TCP
 State: Waiting
 Reason: ContainerCreating
 Ready: False
 Restart Count: 0
 Environment: <none>
 Mounts:
 /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-4462j (ro)
Conditions:
 Type Status
 Initialized True
 Ready False
 PodScheduled True
Volumes:
 default-token-4462j:
 Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
 SecretName: default-token-4462j
 Optional: false
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: <none>
Events:
 Type Reason Age From Message
 ---- ------ ---- ---- -------
 Normal Scheduled 4m default-scheduler Successfully assigned mypod to minikube
 Normal SuccessfulMountVolume 4m kubelet, minikube MountVolume.SetUp succeeded for volume "default-token-4462j"
 Normal Pulling 4m kubelet, minikube pulling image "nginx"

C:\Users\amitm\Downloads>kubectl describe pod mypod
Name: mypod
Namespace: default
Node: minikube/192.168.99.100
Start Time: Wed, 22 Nov 2017 18:15:53 +0530
Labels: app=demo
 env=test
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 172.17.0.10
Containers:
 nginx:
 Container ID: docker://5851633d71162a58861a48cd2b1a310f1e069df22e449d05c327fd34068e707f
 Image: nginx
 Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:9fca103a62af6db7f188ac3376c60927db41f88b8d2354bf02d2290a672dc425
 Port: 80/TCP
 State: Running
 Started: Wed, 22 Nov 2017 18:20:15 +0530
 Ready: True
 Restart Count: 0
 Environment: <none>
 Mounts:
 /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-4462j (ro)
Conditions:
 Type Status
 Initialized True
 Ready True
 PodScheduled True
Volumes:
 default-token-4462j:
 Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
 SecretName: default-token-4462j
 Optional: false
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: <none>
Events:
 Type Reason Age From Message
 ---- ------ ---- ---- -------
 Normal Scheduled 9m default-scheduler Successfully assigned mypod to minikube
 Normal SuccessfulMountVolume 9m kubelet, minikube MountVolume.SetUp succeeded for volume "default-token-4462j"
 Normal Pulling 9m kubelet, minikube pulling image "nginx"
 Normal Pulled 5m kubelet, minikube Successfully pulled image "nginx"
 Normal Created 5m kubelet, minikube Created container
 Normal Started 5m kubelet, minikube Started container

C:\Users\amitm\Downloads>

//creating the service using expose command

C:\Users\amitm\Downloads>kubectl.exe expose pod mypod --type=NodePort
service "mypod" exposed

C:\Users\amitm\Downloads>kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 1d
mypod NodePort 10.0.0.39 <none> 80:32271/TCP 9s
redis ClusterIP 10.0.0.240 <none> 6379/TCP 1d
web NodePort 10.0.0.97 <none> 80:31130/TCP 1d

C:\Users\amitm\Downloads>kubectl describe svc mypod
Name: mypod
Namespace: default
Labels: app=demo
 env=test
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=demo,env=test
Type: NodePort
IP: 10.0.0.39
Port: <unset> 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
NodePort: <unset> 32271/TCP //Port where our service is exposed on
Endpoints: 172.17.0.10:80
Session Affinity: None
External Traffic Policy: Cluster
Events: <none>

C:\Users\amitm\Downloads>kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
minikube Ready <none> 1d v1.8.0

http://<nodeip>:32271 //port which is mentioned as part of node port

I have windows 10 on my personal laptop. Below is the configuration:

virtual box : Version 5.1.22

minishift[minishift-1.7.0-windows-amd64]

C:\Users\amitm\Downloads\minishift-1.7.0-windows-amd64\minishift-1.7.0-windows-amd64>minishift.exe start --vm-driver=virtualbox
-- Starting local OpenShift cluster using 'virtualbox' hypervisor ...
-- Minishift VM will be configured with ...
 Memory: 2 GB
 vCPUs : 2
 Disk size: 20 GB

Downloading ISO ‘https://github.com/minishift/minishift-b2d-iso/releases/download/v1.2.0/minishift-b2d.iso’
40.00 MiB / 40.00 MiB [===================================================================================] 100.00% 0s
— Starting Minishift VM ……………………………….. OK
— Checking for IP address … OK
— Checking if external host is reachable from the Minishift VM …
Pinging 8.8.8.8 … OK
— Checking HTTP connectivity from the VM …
Retrieving http://minishift.io/index.html … OK
— Checking if persistent storage volume is mounted … OK
— Checking available disk space … 0% used OK
— Downloading OpenShift binary ‘oc’ version ‘v3.6.0’
33.92 MiB / 33.92 MiB [===================================================================================================================================] 100.00% 0s– Downloading OpenShift v3.6.0 checksums … OK
— OpenShift cluster will be configured with …
Version: v3.6.0
— Checking `oc` support for startup flags …
host-data-dir … OK
host-pv-dir … OK
host-volumes-dir … OK
routing-suffix … OK
host-config-dir … OK
Starting OpenShift using openshift/origin:v3.6.0 …
Pulling image openshift/origin:v3.6.0
Pulled 1/4 layers, 26% complete
Pulled 1/4 layers, 27% complete
Pulled 1/4 layers, 27% complete
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Pulled 1/4 layers, 57% complete
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Pulled 1/4 layers, 75% complete
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Pulled 2/4 layers, 82% complete
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Pulled 3/4 layers, 88% complete
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Pulled 3/4 layers, 98% complete
Pulled 4/4 layers, 100% complete
Extracting
Image pull complete
OpenShift server started.

The server is accessible via web console at:
https://192.168.99.100:8443

You are logged in as:
User: developer
Password: <any value>

To login as administrator:
oc login -u system:admin

Setting up oc command lines :

C:\Users\amitm\Downloads\minishift-1.7.0-windows-amd64\minishift-1.7.0-windows-amd64>minishift.exe oc-env
SET PATH=C:\Users\amitm\.minishift\cache\oc\v3.6.0;%PATH%
REM Run this command to configure your shell:
REM @FOR /f “tokens=*” %i IN (‘minishift oc-env’) DO @call %i

C:\Users\amitm\Downloads\minishift-1.7.0-windows-amd64\minishift-1.7.0-windows-amd64>oc
OpenShift Client

This client helps you develop, build, deploy, and run your applications on any OpenShift or Kubernetes compatible
platform. It also includes the administrative commands for managing a cluster under the 'adm' subcommand.

To create a new application, login to your server and then run new-app:

oc login https://mycluster.mycompany.com
 oc new-app centos/ruby-22-centos7~https://github.com/openshift/ruby-ex.git
 oc logs -f bc/ruby-ex

This will create an application based on the Docker image 'centos/ruby-22-centos7' that builds the source code fromGitHub. A build will start automatically, push the resulting image to the registry, and a deployment will roll that
change out in your project.

Once your application is deployed, use the status, describe, and get commands to see more about the created components:

oc status
 oc describe deploymentconfig ruby-ex
 oc get pods

To make this application visible outside of the cluster, use the expose command on the service we just created to create
a 'route' (which will connect your application over the HTTP port to a public domain name).

oc expose svc/ruby-ex
 oc status

You should now see the URL the application can be reached at.

To see the full list of commands supported, run 'oc --help'.

C:\Users\amitm\Downloads\minishift-1.7.0-windows-amd64\minishift-1.7.0-windows-amd64>oc get pods
No resources found.

minishift.exe ssh /* will allow to login to minishift vm

I have setup kubernetes cluster in my laptop. I have installed vmware workstation version 11.

Kubernetes works in server-client setup, where it has a master providing centralized control for a number of minions. We will be deploying a Kubernetes master with one minion,

Kubernetes has several components:

• etcd – A highly available key-value store for shared configuration and service discovery.
• flannel – An etcd backed network fabric for containers.
• kube-apiserver – Provides the API for Kubernetes orchestration.
• kube-controller-manager – Enforces Kubernetes services.
• kube-scheduler – Schedules containers on hosts.
• kubelet – Processes a container manifest so the containers are launched according to how they are described.
• kube-proxy – Provides network proxy services.

I have created two centos virtual machine: master and minion [which will be referring as node]

Both the vms has following configuration:

• 1024MB RAM
• 1 vCPU
• 1 Network adapter with setting [NAT]
• CentOS 7 OS

Note:  Check both the node gets ip, else perform ifup <ethernet adapter>

Modify /etc/hosts file on master and nodes both vms

Map the yum repos for kubernetes packages:

cat /etc/yum.repos.d/virt7-docker-common-release.repo
[virt7-docker-common-release]
name=virt7-docker-common-release
baseurl=http://cbs.centos.org/repos/virt7-docker-common-release/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=0

Note: Please create repo file in master and minion node

Installing package: This needs to be installed on both master and minion.

yum -y install --enablerepo=virt7-docker-common-release kubernetes etcd flannel

Modifying the configuration files:

 cat /etc/kubernetes/config
###
# kubernetes system config
#
# The following values are used to configure various aspects of all
# kubernetes services, including
#
#   kube-apiserver.service
#   kube-controller-manager.service
#   kube-scheduler.service
#   kubelet.service
#   kube-proxy.service
# logging to stderr means we get it in the systemd journal
KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"
# journal message level, 0 is debug
KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0"
# Should this cluster be allowed to run privileged docker containers
KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow-privileged=false"

# How the controller-manager, scheduler, and proxy find the apiserver
KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.40.130:8080" #my setup master ip 

Edit /etc/etcd/etcd.conf

# [member]
ETCD_NAME=default
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"

#[cluster]
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"

Edit /etc/kubernetes/apiserver

# The address on the local server to listen to.
KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"

# The port on the local server to listen on.
KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080"

# Port kubelets listen on
KUBELET_PORT="--kubelet-port=10250"

# Comma separated list of nodes in the etcd cluster
KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://192.168.40.130:2379"

# Address range to use for services
KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"

# Add your own!
KUBE_API_ARGS=""

systemctl start etcd
etcdctl mkdir /kube-centos/network
etcdctl mk /kube-centos/network/config "{ \"Network\": \"172.30.0.0/16\", \"SubnetLen\": 24, \"Backend\": { \"Type\": \"vxlan\" } }"

• Start ETCD and configure it to hold the network overlay configuration on master: Warning This network must be unused in your network infrastructure! 172.30.0.0/16 is free in our network.

• Configure flannel to overlay Docker network in /etc/sysconfig/flanneld on the master (also in the nodes as we’ll see):

# Flanneld configuration options

# etcd url location.  Point this to the server where etcd runs
FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="http://centos-master:2379"

# etcd config key.  This is the configuration key that flannel queries
# For address range assignment
FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kube-centos/network"

# Any additional options that you want to pass
#FLANNEL_OPTIONS=""

# Flanneld configuration options

# etcd url location.  Point this to the server where etcd runs
FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="http://centos-master:2379"

# etcd config key.  This is the configuration key that flannel queries
# For address range assignment
FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kube-centos/network"

# Any additional options that you want to pass
#FLANNEL_OPTIONS=""

for SERVICES in etcd kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler flanneld; do
    systemctl restart $SERVICES
    systemctl enable $SERVICES
    systemctl status $SERVICES
done

# Flanneld configuration options

# etcd url location.  Point this to the server where etcd runs
FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="http://centos-master:2379"

# etcd config key.  This is the configuration key that flannel queries
# For address range assignment
FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kube-centos/network"

# Any additional options that you want to pass
#FLANNEL_OPTIONS=""

# The address for the info server to serve on
KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"

# The port for the info server to serve on
KUBELET_PORT="--port=10250"

# You may leave this blank to use the actual hostname
# Check the node number!
KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=centos-minion-n"

# Location of the api-server
KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://centos-master:8080"

# Add your own!
KUBELET_ARGS=""

# Flanneld configuration options

# etcd url location.  Point this to the server where etcd runs
FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="http://centos-master:2379"

# etcd config key.  This is the configuration key that flannel queries
# For address range assignment
FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kube-centos/network"

# Any additional options that you want to pass
#FLANNEL_OPTIONS=""

for SERVICES in kube-proxy kubelet flanneld docker; do
    systemctl restart $SERVICES
    systemctl enable $SERVICES
    systemctl status $SERVICES
done

kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.5.1/src/deploy/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

[root@master pods]# cat mysql.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mysql
  labels:
    name: mysql
spec:
  containers:
    - resources:
        limits :
          cpu: 1
      image: mysql
      name: mysql
      env:
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          # change this
          value: test123
      ports:
          - containerPort: 3306
            name: mysql

[root@master pods]# kubectl get pods
NAME                    READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
mysql                   1/1       Running   0          2h

[root@master pods]# cat mysql-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    name: mysql
  name: mysql
spec:
  externalIPs:
    - 192.168.40.132
  ports:
    # the port that this service should serve on
    - port: 3306
    #       # label keys and values that must match in order to receive traffic for this service
  selector:
    name: mysql

kubectl get service
NAME         CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)    AGE
kubernetes   10.254.0.1       <none>           443/TCP    1d
mysql        10.254.140.187   192.168.40.132   3306/TCP   2h

There a many ways to find the ip of a container. Some of the methods i am listing down.

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d –name mylinux rhel7
9f7213f3c373b06a6a5d8d762bd05c2282db9e1ecb0da421b8280e07291c0535

docker inspect

"NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "f8b8d1847392e520fc79cff3c3637fdfbd28aaded2290ad851aaab3adce23c6f",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": null,
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/f8b8d1847392",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "fd99db2fc2a78f959b1e3b691d4a38125f5e5a2422267c08136d2ad0746e8e35",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": ""
                }

docker inspect --format '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' mylinux
 172.17.0.2

docker exec command  and check the ip address that executes within the container

docker exec -ti mylinux ip add |grep global